Earthquake

spectra

The Professional Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute

Publication Procedures for

Earthquake Spectra

JULY 2004 edition

Contents

Part I. Submission of Manuscripts and review process......................... 3

Acceptance Criteria.................................................................................................... 3

Submission of Manuscript.......................................................................................... 3

New Requirements......................................................................................................... 4

Manuscript Review and Revision............................................................................ 4

Submission of Accepted Manuscript for Publication................................... 4

Part II. Summary of Format Guidelines........................................................... 4

Content.............................................................................................................................. 5

Explanation of Manuscript Sections................................................................... 5

Text Style.......................................................................................................................... 6

Part III. Earthquake Spectra Electronic Template................................. 7

Use of Manuscript Template for WORD................................................................ 7

Part Iv. examples of Manuscript Components............................................. 7

title page.......................................................................................................................... 8

first manuscript page................................................................................................. 9

Table and Table Title.................................................................................................. 9

author affiliation....................................................................................................... 9

Figure and Figure Caption....................................................................................... 10

equations........................................................................................................................ 11

References...................................................................................................................... 11

Format guidelines for First Page of Opinion Paper, Technical Note, Discussion, Response to Discussion, and Book Review............................................................................ 12

Publication Procedures for Earthquake Spectra

This document provides detailed instructions for publication in Earthquake Spectra, the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Part I explains the process of submitting manuscripts, for both review and publication. Part II provides a summary of required format specifications. Part III describes the formatting template that should be used to prepare manuscripts for publication. This template is currently available in electronic format at http://scitation.aip.org/EarthquakeSpectra/manuscript_prep.jsp. Part IV shows specific examples of some of the manuscript components.

I. Submission of Manuscripts and review process

The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute established Earthquake Spectra with the purpose of improving the practice of earthquake hazards mitigation, preparedness, and recovery. It is intended to serve the informational needs of the diverse professions engaged in earthquake hazards reduction: civil, geotechnical, mechanical, and structural engineers; geologists, seismologists, and other earth scientists; architects and city planners; public officials; social scientists; and researchers in all these disciplines. Spectra serves as the publication of record for development of earthquake engineering practice, earthquake code and regulation, earthquake public policy, and earthquake investigation reports. Spectra is published quarterly (February, May, August, and November) both online and in print.

Acceptance Criteria

The five principal types of papers published in Earthquake Spectra are contributed and solicited papers, opinion papers, technical notes, discussions, response to discussions, and book reviews. Each type of paper is subject to rigorous review standards. Opinion papers provide a forum for timely presentation and discussion of questions, problems, or topics based on technically sound observation, experience, or judgment for which proof or supporting research may not be available. Other papers that are published in Spectra on an occasional basis are the EERI Student Paper Award winner and the EERI Distinguished Lecture.

Specific acceptance criteria for papers published in Spectra are (1) professional orientation toward a topic having a direct application to earthquake hazards reduction, (2) original material, (3) sufficient technical quality, including adequacy and conciseness of presentation to warrant publication as judged by peer review, (4) adequate representation of diverse disciplines and concerns of earthquake hazard reduction, and (5) timely information.

Submission of Manuscript

Manuscripts that authors wish to have considered for publication should be submitted to the Editor of Earthquake Spectra at the following web address: http://eqs.peerx-press.org. Thanks to an exclusively electronic manuscript submission and peer review process, no hard copy of the manuscript is required. Information for authors on filling out initial submission forms, uploading files (including cover letter, manuscript, figures, and keywords), and tracking the progress of the manuscript review is available at the web site.

New requirements

Beginning September 1, 2004, manuscripts submitted for review to Earthquake Spectra will be limited in length to no more than 18 pages. For papers longer than 18 pages, authors must include a statement in the cover letter explaining the need for the added length. Upon acceptance, if a paper has not been shortened in the revision process and is still longer than 18 pages, a charge of $50 per added page will be imposed; total charges will be estimated and the fee collected before the paper is scheduled for publication. Note: There will be no page charges for manuscripts that stay in the review process for more than 12 months from the date of submittal on the online review system, if the author has submitted a revised manuscript within 30 days of notification of needed changes after each of two review rounds.

Manuscript Review and Revision

The Spectra Editor assigns each manuscript to a Responsible Editor, usually a member of the Editorial Board, who in turn identifies three reviewers for the manuscript. Manuscripts are reviewed for both technical quality and English style standards. When all reviews are received, the Responsible Editor evaluates the reviews and submits a publication recommendation to the Editor. The Editor evaluates the recommendation and reviews, and then informs the manuscript’s corresponding author of the publication decision and the reviewers’ comments.

Manuscripts requiring revision must be revised and resubmitted to the Editor with a cover letter that summarizes the response to each review comment. Authors bear sole responsibility for adequately responding to suggested revisions, for ensuring accuracy of the final manuscript, and for ensuring high English style standards. The Spectra Editor may return manuscripts requiring substantial revision to the Responsible Editor and reviewers for consideration.

Submission of Accepted Manuscript for publication

Specific materials that need to be submitted to the Spectra Editor for final publication approval are

1. Cover letter documenting changes in response to review comments

2. Manuscript, including text and tables in Word, but not including figures

3. Figures, each in a separate electronic file in one of the following formats: PostScript (ps), Encapsulated PostScript (eps), TIFF (tif), or JPEG (jpg), with resolution set at 600 dpi for line art, 264 dpi for halftones, and 300 dpi for color

4. Copyright transfer agreement signed by corresponding author (see http://scitation.aip.org/EarthquakeSpectra/rights_perm.jsp for more information)

5. Reprint order (optional), at the author’s expense, to be paid for and placed before the manuscript goes to print

6. Page charges, if applicable

II. Summary of Format Guidelines

Earthquake Spectra is prepared for publication by putting Word files and electronic figure files into a composition system that then adds SGML tagging. The tagging enables online viewers to link to the source of the references in the manuscripts. Authors are expected to submit their final versions of text and figures in the Earthquake Spectra template format. Additional information about Spectra publication guidelines is presented here. The template (http://scitation.aip.org/EarthquakeSpectra/manuscript_prep.jsp) presented in Part III of this document, defines styles for most components of a manuscript and simplifies the final preparation of the manuscript file.

CONTENT

Contributed and solicited manuscripts submitted for consideration must be comprised of the following sections in the following order; all should be in Word format except for the figures.

· Title and author page

· Abstract

· Authors’ affiliation

· Introduction

· Text

· Tables (if needed)

· Summary and/or conclusions

· Acknowledgments (optional)

· Appendix/Appendices (if needed)

· References

· Figures (generally supplied in individual files, one file per figure)

Explanation of MANUSCRIPT sections

Abstract—single paragraph, length (£200 words); margins (left and right) 1.5². An abstract should be an informative summary of the most important results, but not a summary of subjects covered. Avoid expressions such as “is discussed” and “is described.” Do not include references, figures, or tables. The abstract is widely indexed and therefore is the most read portion of a manuscript.

Acknowledgments—should be succinct and used only as necessary.

Appendix—should only be used to provide information that would otherwise interrupt the principle focus of the manuscript or to provide supplemental information to be read by a small portion of the readership. An Appendix precedes the References section. If more than one appendix is necessary, they should be designated as Appendix A, Appendix B, and so forth. Figures in an Appendix continue the numbering from the last figure in the manuscript. Tables in an Appendix are numbered as A1, A2, and so forth. Both figures and tables in this section must correspond to mention in the text.

Author Affiliation—The authors’ institutional affiliations and addresses must be given in single-line form at the bottom of the first page, inserted as a footnote. The last affiliation line should lie on the bottom margin of the page with the first affiliation line lying directly beneath a rule two inches long. Each line should include a succinct address sufficient for sending mail to the author. See Part IV for example.

· In manuscript title: for each author insert a small letter superscript following name; if comma comes after name, insert superscript following comma. For EERI members, add M.EERI in 11 point bold after name, comma, and superscript.

· In footnote: use a separate superscript for each distinct address, corresponding to the superscript in title

Conclusions—should discuss the significance and applicability of the work without merely restating the abstract; include the limitations or conditions under which the results can be applied.

Equations—Equations should be set in MathType or Equation Editor, in Times New Roman italics, centered, and numbered with numbers flush right at margin. Every equation must be mentioned in the text, referred to as, for example, Equation 1 or equations 1 and 2. See the AIP style guide (http://www.aip.org/pubservs/style/4thed/sec4.pdf.) for guidelines to mathematical expression (in equations and text). See Part IV for examples.

Figures—Number diagrams, charts, graphs, photographs, and other drawings consecutively as figures. Each figure must be mentioned in the text. See Part IV for example.

· Captions are 11 point Times New Roman, centered if one line, run full width and justified if two or more lines.

· All figures should be high quality and have the highest resolution possible; each must be in a separate electronic file in either PostScript (ps), Encapsulated PostScript (eps), TIFF (tif), or JPEG (jpg) with resolution set at 600 dpi for line art, 264 dpi for halftones, and 300 dpi for color.

· Figures will be printed in black and white with exceptions made with prior approval of the editor if color is determined to be essential for the presentation of the topic; as a rule, only online color is available.

· Use no more than 5 shades of gray.

· Size should be a reasonable production size. Use legible font size and uniform line thickness as much as possible, avoiding lines too fine or too thick, especially if on the same figure.

Introduction—Include any or all of the following: the purpose of the study, methods used to derive results, previous work, and a sketch of manuscript organization.

References—All references cited must be mentioned in the text with names and dates corresponding exactly. See Part IV for examples of reference style.

Summary—see Conclusions.

TEXT STYLE

Font Size—Use different sizes as follows:

· 12 point: body text and Headings 1, 3, and 4

· 11 point: figure captions, table titles, references, and Heading 2

· 10 point: author affiliation and footnotes

Font Type—Times New Roman only

Footnotes—Use is discouraged.

Headings—Hierarchy, style, and spacing as follows:

· Heading 1: 12 pt. bold centered, all caps; 12 pts. space before, 6 pts. after

· Heading 2: 11 pt. bold flush left, all caps; 9 pts. space before, 6 pts. after

· Heading 3: 12 pt. bold flush left, title case; 6 pts. space before, 3 pts after

· Heading 4: 12 pt. italic flush left, title case; 3 pts. space, before, 0 pts after

Justification—All text must be justified full width

Language—All papers must be in English.

Length—No more than 18 pages, except for extraordinary circumstances

Media format—Set up for 8-1/2 ´ 11 letter-size page, in Microsoft Word

Page Numbers—At bottom of page with first author’s name; e.g., Smith — 2

Page Size and Margins—.75² top and bottom; 1.12² left and right, except for abstract (1.5² left and right)

Spacing and Headings—Use one and a half spacing; other requirements:

· one space only between sentences

· paragraph indentation (0.25²)

· paragraph spacing (6 points after)

Style—Standard style guides such as The Chicago Manual of Style (2003), The Elements of Style (2000), and The Elements of Grammar (2001) are recommended; refer to AIP style guide for guidelines to mathematical expression (in equations and text) (http://www.aip.org/pubservs/style/4thed/sec4.pdf).

Tables—must be consecutively numbered and placed as close as practical to first mention in tex; other requirements:

· title: table number bold, rest of title roman; flush left; Times New Roman size 11

· rule thickness uniform, no borders

· width: no more than 6.25²; if using landscape format, then no more than 9.5²

Units—Measurements should be given in either U.S. customary or SI (International System) units. Conversion factors are readily available from many sources.

III. Earthquake Spectra Electronic Template

All manuscripts published in Earthquake Spectra must be prepared with Spectra’s Microsoft Word template.

The template file is available for download at the Earthquake Spectra web page http://scitation.aip.org/EarthquakeSpectra/manuscript_prep.jsp using a variety of browsers. The template works on both Windows and Mac computer platforms.

To use the electronic template, follow these procedures:

1. save an electronic copy of the file SpectraT3.dot in your template directory for Microsoft Word,

2. select File New,

3. select SpectraT3.dot as a document,

4. format manuscript by either

replacing the text in each component of the template document with your own text, or assigning the appropriate style to typed text using pull-down menu of Word,

5. save file with desired document name.

IV. Examples of Manuscript Components

Examples of the title page, the first manuscript page, equations, figures, tables, and references are shown on the following pages, as are format guidelines for the first page of other manuscript types published in Earthquake Spectra: opinion papers, technical notes, discussions, responses to discussion, and book reviews.

Example of Title Page

The title page for each type of paper will not be published, but should be submitted with the following lines of illustrated information:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Title

Author(s)

Corresponding (first) author:

Mailing address:

Phone:

Fax:

E-mail address:

Submission date for review copies:

Submission date for camera-ready copy:

Example of First Manuscript Page

Manuscript Title

Farzad Naeim,a) M.EERI, Nancy Sutherland,b) and Roger Borcherdt,c) M.EERI

An abstract of one paragraph and no more than 150 words must be included and formatted as illustrated here. A good abstract should be an informative summary of the most important results. It should not be a summary of subjects covered. It should avoid expressions such as “is discussed” and “is described.” It should not include references, figures, or tables. The abstract is of utmost importance because it is the most widely read portion of a manuscript.

Introduction

An introduction may vary significantly in size and content, depending on the subject matter of the manuscript. Topics often briefly described in introductions are purpose of the study, methods used to derive results, previous work, and a sketch of manuscript organization.

Example of Table and Table Title

Table 1. List of real earthquake records (Shao 1998)

Record No.	Date	Earthquake and Site	Component	PGA (g)
1 2	1940 May 18	Imperial Valley El Centro	S00E S90W	0.89 0.55
3 4	1952 Jul 21	Kern County, Pasadena, Caltech Athenaeum	S00E S90W	0.12 0.14
5 6	1952 Jul 21	Kern County, Taft, Lincoln School Tunnel	N21E S69E	0.40 0.46
7 8	1952 Jul 21	Kern County, Santa Barbara, Courthouse	N42E S48E	0.23 0.33

Example of Author Affiliation

Examples of Figures and Figure Caption

Figure 4. (a) Short-period F_a and (b) mid-period F_v amplification factors with respect to Firm to Hard rock, SC-Ib, plotted as a continuous function of mean shear-wave velocity, using equations 2 and 4 for specified levels of input ground motion (see text). (Figures reprinted from Borcherdt, 1994.)

Examples of Equations and Text

Examples generated with the MathType or Equation Editor in Word are given below.

Amplification factors are predicted … by the following equations:

, (2)

and

(3)

where

, (4a)

, (4b)

vo is mean shear-wave velocity for the site class … (Borcherdt 1994).

Examples of References

Applied Technology Council (ATC), 1996. Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, volumes 1 and 2, Report No. ATC-40, Redwood City, CA.

Borcherdt, R. D., 1994. Estimates of site-dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification), Earthquake Spectra 10, 617–653.

Chang, T.-S., Hwang, H., Ng, K. W., and Lee, C. S., 1990. Subsurface conditions in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, in Proceedings, Second International Conference of Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, S. Prakash (editor), vol.2, paper 9.6, St. Louis, pp. 1305-1311

Sherzer, M., 2001. The Elements of Grammar, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 168 pp.

Strunk, W., Jr., and White, E. B., 2000. The Elements of Style, 4^th edition, Longman Publishing Co., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 105 pp.

University of Chicago Press Staff, 2003. The Chicago Manual of Style, 15^th edition, Chicago, IL.

Examples of FIRST Page of Opinion Paper, Technical Note, Discussion, Response to Discussion, and Book Review

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Opinion Paper

Opinion Paper Title

Author(s),^a) M.EERI

Body text

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Technical Note

Technical Note Title

Author(s),^a) M.EERI

Body text

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Discussion OF

Manuscript Title

Manuscript Reference: R. D. Borcherdt, Earthquake Spectra, vol. 10, no. 4 (November 1994): 617–653.

Author(s),^a) M.EERI

Body text

Response to

Discussion of “Manuscript Title”

Author(s),^a) M.EERI

Body text

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Book review

Book Title

Robert S. Yeats, Kerry Sieh, and Clarence Allen, 1997.

Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 568 pp., $67 cloth.

Reviewed by Author,^a) M.EERI

Body text

---

a) John A. Martin & Associates, 1212 S. Flower St., 4^th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90015

b) Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 499 14^th St., Oakland, CA 94612-1934

c) U.S. Geological Survey, MS 977, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025