1	Group 8: Approaches to earthquake mitigation programs That integrate land use planning, Building construction and civil countermeasures, Education and public awareness To reduce risk to disaster prone communities
2	Charles Scawthorn & 　　Hitomi Murakami, Co-Chairs US participants Fouad Bendimerad Craig Comartin Mark Yashinsky Japanese participants Nanae Muraoka Tadamichi Yamashita Nodoka Ujita Harumi Yashiro Fukushima
3
4	Mitigating for earthquake hazards other than ground shaking By Yashinsky, M. Caltrans roads and bridges Research and mitigation efforts for landslides, liquefaction, surface faulting, tsunami, and other hazards Past damage -> Current research -> Methods of analysis -> Mitigation
5	Sensitivity of urban seismic risk assessment to hazard parameters By Bendimerad, F. and C. Morgat A case study of Istanbul, Turkey Hazard estimation models for North Anatolian Fault Zone Vulnerability for 14 building types The limitations and uncertainties of seismic risk analysis: gap between specialists and end-users Losses are more accurate way to measure risk than the earthquake probability
6	Effect of diversifying facilities on seismic risks of enterprises By Fukushima, S. and H. Yashiro Portfolio of buildings, Tokyo Procedure to estimate risk curve, and to quantify seismic risk of portfolio Risk control; redistribution of assets, retrofit of buildings Effects of divergence on the PML are related with correlation factors Q: Sufficient data for vulnerability curves?
7	Systematic seismic risk management for multiple facilities By Comartin, C. D. Stanford Univ., UC Berkeley, BARTransit Vulnerability assessment, priorities and implementation, post disaster response planning Performance of system during and post eq. Disclosure of the risk to students, staff, faculty is difficult, but important to realize retrofit & mitigation programs
8	Level 3 application of HAZUS in regional earthquake loss estimation By Scawthorn, C., et al. Case study of San Francisco's Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety (CAPSS) Impact assessment, earthquake repair requirements, future seismic hazard mitigation Community involvement is critical: stakeholders, i.e. local residents, business people
9	Development of microscopic-simulator of earthquake disaster with residents By Ujita, N., et al. Downtown Tokyo with narrow streets, high vulnerability and fire risk 1/2500 scale simulation Building response, occupant entrapment, SAR, evacuation, fire spreading Q: Can local residents face too much reality? Q: Reliability of detailed estimation? Q: How to obtain detailed data?
10	Seismic capacity evaluation of RC school buildings damaged by the 2001 Geiyo earthquake By Muraoka, N., et al. 100 public school building with seismic capacity evaluation vs. eq damage PGA=425cm/s², within linear response range Q: How to promote seismic retrofit of school buildins? Budget, priority, disclosure?
11	Proposal for sustainable restoration of damaged dwellings By Murakami, H. et al. From the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake Assistance to promote repair and retrofit of damaged dwellings than demolition and rebuilding Database of repair and retrofit cases for future response program
12	Issues and research needs
13	As the basis for risk reduction programs, loss estimates need to be useful, and used. Methods and techniques need to be developed and used by the earthquake community, for Development of mitigation coalitions, Identification of user needs, Identification and translation of mitigation context, Communication of results (social marketing)
14	"Loss estimation need to" Loss estimation need to Be transparent Have robust measures of loss and consequence Case studies of successful/ unsuccessful loss estimation/ reduction/ policy processes and projects
15	Identify meaningful results to decision makers and stakeholders Development of a taxonomy of decision-makers and stakeholders Survey and compile their needs
16	Sensitivity of loss estimates Comprehensive parametric study showing variation of loss estimation results for various factors (eg, correlation, earthquake models…) US-JAPAN model comparison
17	Detailed compilation of data on earthquake effects, losses and impacts Develop a framework and vehicle for archiving of loss data - not just ground motions, but also damage, economic losses, BI, social disruption
18	Non-shaking earthquake hazards Methods for making non-shaking earthquake hazards loss estimates
19	Micro-simulation and visualization of losses Develop new methods for detailed micro loss estimation, and visualization of temporal evolution and other dimensions of losses